The World’s Green Laboratory

 How the Island of El Hierro is leading the way in sustainability

Photo courtesy: Vin Crosbie

Photo courtesy: Vin Crosbie

The once called 'forgotten island' is now a symbol of hope for the planet. El Hierro is trying to contribute to climate change initiatives by making use of its unique natural resources. Currently, they are working on three main factors which are: providing clean energy, conserving their biodiversity and producing sustainable food. We take a look at how these activities have enabled them to get closer to their aim of becoming self-sufficient.

El Hierro is the second smallest island of the Canary Islands located in Spanish territory. The archipelago is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent to the African Coast. Despite the fact of being referred to as geographically isolated, the islands have proved to be accessible. In this case, the island of El Hierro, also known as the Meridian Island, is distinguished by its entrepreneurial spirit in terms of promoting the green movement.  

The turning point came when the island was designated the title of Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO in 2000. El Hierro fulfilled a series of requirements: the protection of its biological diversity, the application of educational and investigative activities and the operation of sustainable resourcing. From that point onwards, the island has become the core of continuous investment in R&D (Research and Development) at a local and international scale. Subsequently, in 2014, the island achieved the title of Geopark by UNESCO.

Only present in the archipelago, the Cardón can live up to a century. Photo courtesy: Marcel Oosterwijk

Only present in the archipelago, the Cardón can live up to a century. Photo courtesy: Marcel Oosterwijk

"Receiving these titles and acknowledging our natural heritage was momentary. Maintaining continuity in sustainable development is a permanent challenge we face every day.”
Luisa María Anceaume

Sustainable development does not just consist of innovating but also of focusing on keeping the island’s essence intact. For instance, the ‘Herreños’ are working on promoting local products that were being abandoned, recovering their stone walls and making sure their unique culture does not get lost along the way.

The rooms of the first inhabitants of El Hierro conserved at the museum Ecomuseo De Guinea.

The rooms of the first inhabitants of El Hierro conserved at the museum Ecomuseo De Guinea.

Luisa María Anceaume Chinea who is an expert in Biosphere Reserve and Geopark, explains that any product that improves the life quality of the population also falls under the titles of Biosphere Reserve and Geopark.

Gorona Del Viento

Production of Clean Energy

Photo courtesy: Carlos Rosillo

Photo courtesy: Carlos Rosillo

In early years, the island depended on diesel imported in oil tankers from the mainland to produce electricity. But this changed in 2014 when El Hierro inaugurated Gorona Del Viento, a Wind-Pumped Hydro Power Station. At that point, they became the first island in the world to be powered by renewable energy. However, the task of supplying 100% renewable energy is complicated since it depends on unpredictable sources like the wind. For this reason, when it is impossible to cover the island’s demand, their Diesel-Fired Power plant works in combination with Gorona del Viento.

Since Gorona del Viento started operating, the island experienced a major fall in the emission of greenhouse gases, a large proportion of it being CO2.  

Graphic by Simran Hindwani

Graphic by Simran Hindwani

Below is a video of the distribution and functionality of the Wind-Pumped Hydro Power Station.

This ambitious project was led by the Canarian Government, the Island’s Town Hall, the Technological Institute of Canary Islands and the Electric Company UNELCO Endesa.

Alpidio Armas who is the current President of El Hierro’s Town Hall, prioritises the action plan of Gorona Del Viento. 

“The main aim is achieving 100% of renewable energy. We will try it with whatever financial instruments are needed, whether it is from Gorona, the Town Hall, the Autonomous Community or Europe.” 
Alpidio Armas

Apart from this, the island is also trying to cut other forms of contamination. One of the primary challenges is to fully commit to electric cars because the element of transport has proved to be the most harmful for the environment.

“Gorona del Viento has established several charging points for electric cars throughout the island which are free of charge,” says Armas. “This is our way of convincing people to choose this type of car for their mobility.”

Photo Courtesy: eldia.es

Photo Courtesy: eldia.es

Marine Conservation

Discovery of Ziphiidaes

Photo courtesy: Carmelo Andrades

Photo courtesy: Carmelo Andrades

El Hierro is a paradise for marine life. Its geological and ecological characteristics have made it a home to a diversity of species, including those that were unknown to the world. In this case, it is about the Ziphiidaes: a type of small species of whale. They are characterised for their unusual diving habits as they spend a short period of time in surface and they then disappear for two hours. Furthermore, it is really difficult to spot them underwater since they hardly make any noise and if they do, it is only 20 minutes of echolocation (emission of sound) when in search of food.

Below you can find an audio of Ziphiidaes emitting sound.

The rest of the time, they remain silent, which is why they had gone unnoticed until the island decided to conduct military manoeuvres. These consisted of applying sonar to locate these animals. Consequently, it led to their death and when studied, they concluded that these animals are sensitive to sound.

Patricia Arranz who is an expert in cetaceans and marine tourism, transfers the knowledge from universities to companies. She has been working on improving the detection of cetaceans and increasing the encounter with species to reduce the time of search.

Arranz explains that this species can be found in El Hierro because of how the marine ecosystem has been protected.

In the following video, you will see Ziphiidaes that belong to Blainville, one of the resident populations of the island.

Arranz also highlights the importance of raising awareness and providing developed tools to sea users in order to conserve effectively.

Photo courtesy: Universidad La Laguna

Photo courtesy: Universidad La Laguna

Sustainable Food

Ecological Food Production and Sustainable Fishing

Photo courtesy: La Palmera Rosa

Photo courtesy: La Palmera Rosa

The gastronomy of El Hierro is based on a rural society that has been promoting their local products for a long period of time.

Food distribution companies are not found in the island. Instead the Terencio local chain of supermarkets offers a broad range of goods. Additionally, there are also lands and farms in which people cultivate and either use it for personal use or sell it in local markets which are accessible to the wider public.

“We already breathe pure and fresh air. So, if on top of that we start producing ecologically, we are making it even more possible for us to remain healthy for the rest of our lives.”
Ingrid Parparcén

Parparcén started cultivating for her home when an economic crisis took place five years ago due to a submarine volcanic eruption. Today she is an ecological farmer and sells her products in local markets. She mainly focuses on growing a variety of vegetables.

Some plant nurseries are sent to her and if not, she uses her own seeds. Therefore, the entire process is completed manually, and cow manure plays an important role. Moreover, The Cropping Association is in charge of pest control and soil quality.

Ingrid Parparcén talks about the positive aspects of producing food ecologically and how we should educate the public about it.

The Almogrote is a paste made from cheese and spices. Photo courtesy: La Palmera Rosa

The Almogrote is a paste made from cheese and spices. Photo courtesy: La Palmera Rosa

The wind and other specific climate characteristics make the island's wine fresh and acid. Photo courtesy: La Palmera Rosa

The wind and other specific climate characteristics make the island's wine fresh and acid. Photo courtesy: La Palmera Rosa

Photo Courtesy: El Huerto de Ingrid

Photo Courtesy: El Huerto de Ingrid

However, one of the predominant products in Herreño’s diet is fish. The fishing activity takes place in the Marine Reserve of La Restinga, one of the protected areas of the island. Located at the southernmost tip of the island, it is a home to approximately 400 fishermen.

El Hierro's sustainable programme includes encouraging sustainable fishing. It consists of extracting less than what is reproduced so that the stock is always at its maximum state.

In conversation with David Pavón who is a sustainable fisherman.

David Pavón started fishing from an early age and instantly understood it was his passion. Today, it his profession.

In the past, the tools and technology used to fish were not sufficient to overexploit the sea. That is why our ancestors practiced an unconscious sustainable fishing. “Today, the human race has evolved so much that we are capable of overexploiting every ocean and its resources,” says Pavón. “And if we want to, we can destroy the entire planet by pressing a simple button.”

But in some places of the world, people are becoming conscious of what it means to have such scarce resources.

“The dream of a fisherman is to get to the sea and see that it is as our grandparents once described: replete of fish."
David Pavón

That is the case of El Hierro, where they have become a shield to the underwater life by eliminating any art of massive exploitation, creating a marine reserve of fishing interest and building something called profitability of fishing effort.

“We are multidisciplinary so if we are fishing a resource that is not giving good results, we can move onto other resource. Therefore, there is always a chance of being productive.”
David Pavón

Photo courtesy: David Pavón

Photo courtesy: David Pavón

This is not a simple project El Hierro has been working on. But it is a way of creating quality life out of the natural resources available. From now on, their main aim is to hit the target of 100% of sustainability. Until then, it will still be the closest to a utopia that can be used as an example for the rest of the world to reproduce those actions that are applicable to specific territories.

“It is the place where parents leave their children to play in the streets without any worries. It is how I was raised, and how future children will be raised in this idyllic town.”  
David Pavón

Photo courtesy: Peques en ruta via Instagram

Photo courtesy: Peques en ruta via Instagram

Photo credits:

  1. Backround photo of stone walls and Museum from El Hierro Turismo Flickr.
  2. Background photos of Ziphiidaes from Patricia Arranz.
  3. Background photo of La Restinga from El Sibarita Accidental.